![]() However, in spite of massive ratification of these international instruments codifying the international labor standards on freedom of association by sovereign States, their implementation or application remains mostly unimpressive considering the practices of some States. Factually, the relevant international Conventions on the freedom of association have greatly impacted on the national labor and industrial relations laws and policies of States as the Conventions have bench-marked right of freedom of association of workers and employers as the minimum standard among other best international practices in the regulation of labor in the world. With regards to the right of workers to freely associate, several international Conventions, Covenants, Protocols and regional Charters have been adopted by States for the recognition and protection of workers’ and employers’ right of freedom of association. Members thus enjoy the right to associate for union purposes and the right to participate in all union activities. The concept of freedom of association in labor relations means that workers can form, join, or belong to a trade union and engage in collective bargaining. Since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, freedom of association has been universally and customarily acknowledged as a fundamental right under international law.
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